1976 Southern Cross International Rally

This year’s Southern Cross Rally was held from October 9-13. In a break from tradition, the event started on a Saturday.

Cowan’s final Cross Win

Andrew Cowan scored his 6th “Southerm Cross” victory – and the fifth on the trot – in 1976. In contrast to his previous wins, this time it was not assured until the last 150 km. Australia’s George Fury and his Datsun 710SSS had led Cowan’s Mitsubishi, but a wrong turn and finally a blown diff ended his run.

Once again, a strong international field turned out; in all, 34 drivers of the field of 89 entries came from overseas and, as with his events, Rally Director Dan White had planned a course that would test them thoroughly. Timo Makinen (Finland), Roger Clark (U.K.) and New Zealanders Blair Robson, Mike Marshall and Paul Adams were driving Ford Escort RS1800’s; Achim Warmbold (Germany) and Jean-Louis Leyraud (New Caledonia) both in BMW’s; Robert Soulard (New Caledonia) in a Renault Alpine and Philippine’s Dante Sllverio in his Toyota Levin. Nissan’s team of drivers for their Datsun 710SSS vehicles included Swedes Harry Kallstrom and Per-Inge Walfridsson, Finland’s Rauno Aaltonen and Shekhar Mehtar from Kenya. Shinozuka (Lancer), Iwashita (Datsun) and Watanabe (Toyota) led the group of twenty Japanese crews, the largest number yet to compete in the ‘Cross.

As in past years, many of the international stars fell victim to the punishment inflicted on their cars by the hot early pace. After leading early, the Escorts of Makinen and Clark fell back and at the end of the first night, Fury (Datsun) led the field into Port Macquarie, followed by Cowan, then Makinen, Clark and Ferguson (Lancer). Warmbold and Aaltonen were out already. Despite heavy pressure from Cowan – who took the lead briefly – Fury led the second division home, while Makinen fell out with a blown diff and Clark pressed on gamely back in the dust with rear end damage. Ferguson had pushed up into third spot, just clear of Kallstrom. On the third night Fury continued his hot pace, but Cowan stayed with him and even gave his rival a friendly push-start when the Datsun’s starter motor failed! The first four placings remained unchanged, but Mehta, Stewart (Lancer) and Walfridsson overtook Shinozuka. Several other Japanese stars were out as well – mostly with off-road. excursions. Twenty-five crews lined up for the final division,and Fury looked a good thing. For 650km, Fury and Cowan ran neck and neck then, Fury ran up the wrong road, and Cowan hit the front. Soon after, Fury’s diff shattered and following Kallstrom’s retirement with a blown engine, only Mehta and Walfridsson were left to fly the Datsun Team flag.

Cowan and Gocentas, dominant on the 1976 Cross, photo: Ken Cusack

Organisation

As with all except the last Southern Cross Rally, the event was organised by the Australian Sporting Car Club.

Director: Dan White
Chairman: John Keran
General Manager: Tom Snooks
Competitor Liaison Officer: John Arter
Assistant Road Director: Murray Finley
Functions Officier: Jack Mullins
Technical Adviser: Fred Pearse

Other committee members: Monty Love, Eric Lathwell

Checker: Nigel Collier

Rally Headquarters: Port Macquarie Sandcastle Motel

Sponsor; TOTAL Oil – Val McKenzie representative

Dan White directed the Southern Cross from 1972 to 1977

Regulations

There were few changes to the regulations this year although for the first time, special stages were timed (but not scored) to the second.

Some interesting excerpts from the Supplementary Regulations:

Entry fee and prizemoney

The classification of entries from the previous years was modified with the removal of the distinction between minor and major trade. There was a significant rise in entry fees. All fees were subject to a 50% late fee if received after August 20th.

Private entries, $175

Commercial/trade entries: $500

Manufacturer entries: $750

Total Oil sponsorship allowed the prizemoney pool to be maintained at $10,000. Outright first still received $1000 while class winners no longer recived a cash award. Significant cash prizes were offered for uncategorised drivers (in terms of starting order categories), starting from $600 for first such driver.

Vehicle eligibility

Vehicles had to be roadworthy and two-wheel drive and like the previous year, eligibility was FIA Group 1 (Series Production Touring Cars with 5000 annual production units), Group 2 (Special Touring Cars with 1000 annual production units), Group 3 (Series Production Grant Touring Cars with 1000 annual production) or Group 4 (Special Grand Touring Cars with 500 annual production units). However Group 2 and 4 vehicles produced prior to 1976 had to run in Group 4. Provision was also made for Australian Group G (with a Log Book required) and New Zealand MANZ vehicles, but only for Australian and NZ registered vehicles respectively.

All vehicles were permitted modifications in such aspects as extra lights (maximum 4 additional), internal crew protection, under body protection, additional fuel tanks etc. It was recommended that vehicles have a fuel range of 500 km (or 250 km with service crew provision of fuel), an increase on previous years.

All vehicles had to carry a first-aid kit, fire extinguisher and reflective triangles. Seat belts, proper mudflaps and towing points were required. Roll bars were mandatory for all vehicles, but without the cross brace that had been introduced into regulations the previous year.

The 84dbA noise emission limit continued.

Classes

  • Class A: Up to 1300 cc Group 1
  • Class B: 1301-1600 cc Group 1
  • Class C: 1601-2000 cc Group 1
  • Class D: 2001 and over cc Group 1
  • Class E Up to 1300 cc Group 2
  • Class F: 1301-1600 cc Group 2
  • Class G: 1601-2000 cc Group 2
  • Class H: 2001 and over cc Group 2
  • Class I: Up to 1600 cc Group 3
  • Class J: 1601 and over cc Group 3
  • Class K: Up to 1600 cc Group 4
  • Class L: 1601 and over cc Group 4
    Class M: Up to 1600 cc Group G and MANZ
  • Class N: 1601 cc and over Group G and MANZ

Classes required a minimum of 5 entries otherwise they would be combined.

Timing and Scoring

For the first time, all arrival times were recorded to the second, although scoring was still one point per minute or part thereof late or early. In an effort to reduce the workload of control officials at special stage ends, the start time for the subsequent touring stage was taken to be the arrival time read to the forward minute and crews were not held in control. Contrary to the previous year, crews were able enter controls early and nominate their time.

Other penalties were simplified with missing controls, wrong directions of entry/exit or wrong sequence all costing 100 points.

Late time was maintained at 150 minutes per division and the 30 minutes grace at division end was continued. The event was broken in four divisions. Competitors were required to report to at least 75% of main controls in each division, from the correct direction and within late time. Like the previous year, late time could not be recouped by booking in early.

As with previous years, penalties were also listed for exceeding posted speed limits, but harsher starting with 10 points (equivalent to 10 minutes) for up to 15 km/h over the limit.

Other

While starting order was again based on driver categories, this was simplified somewhat to only four categories, with the organisers seeding drivers within categories rather than using a ballot. The first category was FIA seeded drivers. The second category was for drivers placed up to 3rd in any FIA Rally Championship event since 1971. The third category was for drivers who had finished up to 3rd in an international rally since 1973, won a national champiosnhip rally since 1975 and any other manufacturer entries.

As with previous years, cars were not allowed to be worked on by service crews on special stages, except for designated service periods such as the one provided in the middle of the long special stage. No work was permitted while in control, including of course when in parc ferme.

Entries

The 1976 Southern Cross was the pinnacle of success as measured by international participation. Crew members came from ten countries other than Australia and, of course, from every state of Australia. More than half the drivers were from overseas, with 41 cars imported from overseas for the event. World class international drivers included Timo Makinen and Roger Clark in Ford Escorts, Harry Kallstrom, Rauno Aaltonen, Shekhar Mehta and Per-Inge Walfridsson in Datsun 710s, Andrew Cowan in a Mitsubishi Lancer and Archim Warmbold in a BMW. Of these, only Cowan, Mehta and Walfridsson would feature in the final results. Australia’s best drivers of the time were all there including past Southern Cross winners Barry Ferguson and Colin Bond, reigning Australian Champion Ross Dunkerton, the fancied George Fury and up and coming Greg Carr. New Zealanders Mike Marshall and Blair Robson were both in Ford Escorts, with three other NZ entries. A large Japanese contingent of 20 entries was once again lead by Kenjiro Shinozuka, with entries also from the Philippines and New Caledonia.

No.EntrantDriverCty/StNavigatorCty/StCar
1Ford Motor CompanyTimo MakinenFinHenry LiddonUKFord Escort RS 1800
2Ford Motor CompanyRoger ClarkUKJim PorterUKFord Escort RS 1800
3Nissan Motor AustraliaHarry KallstromSweRoger BonhommeVicDatsun 710 SSS
4Nissan Motor AustraliaShekhar MehtaKenAdrian MortimerSADatsun 710 SSS
5BMW Australia Pty. Ltd.Achim WarmboldGermJean TodtFraBMW 320
6Mitsubishi (Australia)Andrew CowanUKFred GocentasACTMitsubishi Lancer
7Nissan Motor AustraliaRauno AaltonenFinJeff BeaumontVicDatsun 710 SSS
8Nissan Motor AustraliaGeorge FuryNSWMonty SuffernVicDatsun 710 SSS
9Mitsubishi (Australia)Barry FergusonNSWNeil FaulknerNSWMitsubishi Lancer
10Gerry Ball Tuning ServiceGreg CarrACTWayne GregsonACTDatsun 710 SSS
11M. I. MarshallMike MarshallNZArthur McWattNZFord Escort RS 1800
12Marlboro Holden Dealer TeamColin BondNSWGeorge ShepheardNSWHolden Torana L34
13R. DunkertonRoss DunkertonWABen WilliamsWADatsun 260Z
14K. ShinozukaKenjiro ShinozukaJapGarry ConnellyQldMitsubishi Lancer
15Chateau MoteurDean RainsfordSARob HuntSAPorsche Carrera
16Nissan Motor AustraliaPer-Inge WalfridssonSwePeter GoddenNSWDatsun 710 SSS
17C. PorterBlair RobsonNZChris PorterNZFord Escort RS 1800
18D. S. SilverioDante SilverioPhilSiegfredo FuentesPhilToyota Corolla Levin
19Mitsubishi (Australia)Doug StewartNSWJohn Dawson-DamerNSWMitsubishi Lancer
20TBAEvan GreenNSWJohn BrysonNSWAlfa Alfetta GT
21J. L. LeyraudJean Louis LeyraudNCalTherry CorsinNCalBMW 2002ti
22B. T. HodgsonBruce HodgsonNSWChris HeaneyACTFord Escort RS 2000
23R. SoulardRobert SoulardNCalJean MouledousNSWRenault Alpine
24Grenville Motors Pty. Ltd.James Laing-PeachNSWBarry LakeNSWLancia Beta Coupe 1800
25J. ReddiexJim ReddiexQldGreg SkedQldCitroen CX 2200
26R. JacksonRobert JacksonNSWTBAHolden Torana XU1
27D. BondDavid BondVicIan RichardsVicMitsubishi Lancer
28A. CrawfordPeter JansonVicPaul PatersonVicMitsubishi Lancer
29Tony Matson Suspension Service QldAdrian TaylorQldJohn SuominenQldHonda Civic
30C. TaylorColin TaylorNZKen FoulkesNZFord Escort RS 1800
31M. CooteMurray CooteQldBrian MarsdenQldDatsun 1200
33A. J. Brough/M. J. GallAlan BroughNZMike GallNZToyota Trueno
34I. W. HillIan HillNSWGraham RoserNSWMitsubishi Lancer
35R. JacksonRoss JacksonNSWPeter BerrimanNSWDatsun 180B SSS
36Stones Corner Motors Pty. Ltd.Hank KabelQldSimon KabelQldMazda RX3 Coupe
37K. CleghornKen CleghornNZTim GibbesNZTBA
38G. BevanGary BevenACTJohn MacDonaldACTDatsun 1600 SSS
39Y. IwashitaYoshio IwashitaJapNobu YasuokaJapDatsun PB 210
40B. K. DyerBarry DyerNSWBrian McQuirkNSWSubaru Coupe
41B. CheesmanBruce CheesmanNSWFred ThomasNSWMitsubishi Lancer
42K. IshiguroKunio lshiguroJapMasahiro TominagaJapMitsubishi Lancer
43Road & Rally CentreFrank NealeNSWEric VigarNSWMitsubishi Lancer
44Bryne Ford Pty. Ltd.Fred ThompsonQldDavid KortlandQldFord Escort RS 2000
45J. C. JohnsonJim JohnsonNZNeil CruckshanksNZLancia Beta Coupe 2000
46M. AyabeMitso AyabeJapShigeru ImaiJapToyota Trueno
47D. J. CoulterDoug CoulterNSWKerry AndersonNSWMitsubishi Lancer
48G. MeehanGary MeehanNSWMartin FellNSWToyota Corolla
49G. MecakGary MecakNSWJohn TrumpmanisNSWMazda RX3
50S. EnjitsuSusumu EnjitsuJapShiro KawabeJapMitsubishi Lancer
51D. BalmainDavid BalmainNSWGuenter NowackiNSWMitsubishi Lancer
52J. KatoJunichiro KatoMasayuki YamashitaJapSubaru
53H. SatohHideya SatohJapTarao MitsuakiJapMitsubishi Lancer
54I. KakuchiIsao KakuchiJapTatsuhiko KawaguchiJapHonda Civic
55Gerry Ball Tuing ServicePeter GaudronNSWGraeme PigramNSWDatsun 1600
56Bathurst Light Car ClubRod JonesNSWArthur DavisNSWDatsun 180B SSS
57Team Route 6 JapTakao NagayamaJapMitsuhiro KogimaJapToyota Corolla
58Dr. J. MunroJohn MunroVicWal HarrisVicDatsun 180B
59H. WatanabeHiroshi WatanabeJapKoji WatanabeJapToyota Trueno
60A. J. HunterAllan HunterNSWBruce PartridgeNSWDatsun 610 Bluebird
61Team Route 6 JapKuniharu UjimaJapKazuyoshi FunakiJapHonda Civic
62R. MarksRon MarksNSWGraeme GilliesNSWLancia Stratos
63Team Route 6 JapIkuo MakiJapYasuo KomoriJapDatsun 610 Bluebird
64B. E. ClarkBrian ClarkNSWPeter HardyNSWMitsubishi Galant
65A. TezunaAkira TezunaJapYukio IwashitaJapMitsubishi Lancer
66A. F. RyanAlan RyanQldPeter WhalleyQldHolden Torana
67P. BramblePaul BrambleNSWStephen BradleyNSWMitsubishi Galant
68Team Route 6 JapKazuo HamadaJapTakeshi KekoyaJapDatsun Sunny
69W. C. Adams RacingBill AdamsNSWKevin SnowballNSWHolden Torana XU1
70North Shore Sporting Car ClubJohn GraydonNSWJohn SullivanNSWDatsun 1200
71R. JohnsonBob JohnsonNSWSteve HalloranNSWMitsubishi Lancer
72Y. NakamuraYoshihiro NakamuraJapMashiro YoshitakeJapDatsun 710
74M. FukadaMichimasa FukadaJapKatsuhiro AokiJapIsuzu PF 50
75Road & Rally CentrePhilip DoddNSWKen SmithNSWDatsun 180B SSS
76Team Route 6 JapHisashi ShimuraJapKazuo TakahashiJapHonda Civic
77R. M. MooreBob MooreACTRoger MooreNSWMitsubishi Lancer
78H. KunimasaHisao KunimasaJapToshiaki FukuiJapMitsubishi Lancer
79The Road & Rally CentreGeoff GoodwinNSWArthur EvansNSWDatsun 1200 Coupe
80K. KoyamaKenji KoyamaJapAkio KoyamaJapToyota Celica
81I. MonkIan MonkACTJarp EmmelkampNSWPeugeot 504
82R. RotondoRuggero RotondoNSWEnrico ZanariniNSWAlfa Alfasud T1
83K. KitauraKengo KitauraJapKanji NakayamaJapToyota Corolla
84W. J. SlaterWilf SlaterNSWGordon SlaterNSWMini Cooper S
86D. MulhollandDoug MulhollandNSWGwyn MulhollandNSWCortina 1600
87New South Wales Car ClubJohn StantonNSWRoss HearneNSWMini GT
88B. AshworthBrian McllvennaNSWBarbara AshworthNSWFord Capri GT
89C. RyderJoyce RyderNSWCharlie RyderNSWMitsubishi Lancer
90Christian Autosports Car ClubKeith DownieNSWWayne SimeonNSWMazda RX2

Car 32 Reserved for Rally Organisers Association of New Zealand (RQANZ) 1976 Championship Winner
Cars 73 and 85 Withdrawn

Route

The 1976 event followed a similar pattern to previous years but with some significant enhancements. For the first time the event started on a Saturday at Amaroo with a special stage on the dirt circuit and hillclimb. Then, rather than the long transport to north of Newcastle, four more short daylight special stages were included for spectators. The remainder of the event was somewhat similar to the previous year but more compact, with the highest competitive distance of any Cross since the early two, and also the high percentage of competitive distance.

DaySpecial StagesTransportTotalCompetitiveLongest Stage
Day One12434.34 km415.75 km850.09 km51.1%110.17 km
Day Two14562.81 km390.62 km953.43 km59.0%149.61 km
Day Three8537.80 km202.50 km740.30 km72.6%124.57 km
Day Four14597.55 km193.04 km790.59 km75.6%215.49 km
Event482132.50 km1201.91 km3334.41 km64.0%215.49km

Itinerary and route plot

Day One

As mentioned above, the first day began with a special at Amaroo, then three more specials south of Newcastle and one to the north, a boon for spectators before the mealbreak at Stroud. The competition then began in earnest with a 110 km stage through Craven-Myall followed by 68 km through Wang Wauk. Two more short stages then the rough Kiwarric stage took crews to a service break in Taree. Two more stages took crews to Port Macquarie, the first 38 km in Lansdowne and the second a 103 km stage zig-zagging through Kerewong.

Route Instructions

Day Two

The second day began with five daylight special northwards to a mealbreak at Utungan. The longest was 38 km through Ballengarra. As night fell, crews tackled the 150 km stage through the Horseshoe Forest area then through the Gordonville ford (transport) with a shorter stage through Pine Creek across to the Pacific Highway then into Coffs for a service break. After Coffs there were four stages in the forests made famous by the modern WRC Rally Australia, then a challenging 62 km stage across to Dorrigo. After service in Bellingen crews had two more stages before heading back to Port. The first was a “short” 17 km run over Gladstone Peak but the second was 68 km ending through the remote Thumbs Creek Forest. It was a lengthy 120 km liaison back to Port.

Route Instructions

Day Three

Day 3 began with further entertainment for the spectators. The first two were short in Cairncross and Bril Bril, but then came a wonderful 77 km daylight stage through Tuckybunyubah. After a mealbreak in Kempsey, the compact night stages ran through Tamban/Collombatti and Newry to a service in Bellingen. Then it was back through the Horseshoe Forest area for a 125 km stage that included the challenging descent down “Jacobs Ladder”. Nulla Five Day cam e next at 50 km then the final 114 km stage through Kippara, utilising some of the roads used in the earlier long daylight special.

Route Instructions

Day Four

The final day began with four relatively short daylight stages down to a mealbreak in Taree. The longest was 27 km through Middle Brother. The night began with the traditional dash along Black Flat Lane then four challenging stages northwards through the Dingo Tops and to the Oxley Highway. The longest was the 92 km Doyles River stage. After service came the monster 215 km stage through the Mount Boss area, including a mid stage optional service at Forbes River. A final service in Kempsey and four more stages remained. The first was 47 km through Bellengarra, but the others were relatively short through Cairncross, Broken Bago and Cowarra, before the welcome finish line back in Port Macquarie. 

Route Instructions

Results

PlaceDriverNavigatorCarPoints
1Andrew CowanFred GocentasMitsubishi Lancer157
2Barry FergusonNeil FaulknerMitsubishi Lancer203
3Shekhar MehtaAdrian MortimerDatsun 710 SSS205
4Doug StewartJohn Dawson-DamerMitsubishi Lancer271
5Kenjiro ShinozukaGarry ConnellyMitsubishi Lancer324
6Per-Inge WalfridssonPeter GoddenDatsun 710 SSS348
7Ian HillGraham RoserMitsubishi Lancer391
8David BondIan RichardsMitsubishi Lancer418
9Murray CooteBrian MarsdenDatsun 1200437
10Peter JansonPaul PatersonMitsubishi Lancer453
11Brian ClarkPeter HardyMitsubishi Galant560
12Mitso AyabaShigeru ImaiToyota Truena670
13John MunroWal HarrisDatsun 180B778
14Gary MeehanToyota Corolla788
15Roger ClarkJim PorterFord Escort RS1800855
16Jim ReddiexGreg SkedCitroen CX 2200899
17Akira TezunaYukio IwashimaMitsubishi Lancer1703
18David BalmainGuenter NowackiMitsubishi Lancer1879
19Hideya SatohTarao MitsualiMitsubishi Lancer1905
20Bill AdamsDennis RussellHolden Torana XU12530
21Evan GreenJohn BrysonAlfa Alfetta GT2905
22Hsashi ShimuraKazuo TakahashiHonda civic5035

Manufacturers Award: Mitsubishi

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